In C programming, arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations. These operators take numerical values (either constants or variables) and return a single numerical value as a result.

List of Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	a + b adds a and b
-	Subtraction	a - b subtracts b from a
*	Multiplication	a * b multiplies a and b
/	Division	a / b divides a by b
%	Modulus (remainder of division)	a % b gives remainder of a/b

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1. Addition Operator (+)

The addition operator adds two numbers.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    int sum = a + b;

    printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);  
         // Output: Sum: 30

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

In this example, the values of a and b are added together, and the result (30) is stored in sum.

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2. Subtraction Operator (-)

The subtraction operator subtracts the second number from the first.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 30, b = 15;
    int difference = a - b;

    printf("Difference: %d\n", difference);  
         // Output: Difference: 15

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

In this case, the value of b is subtracted from a, and the result (15) is stored in difference.

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3. Multiplication Operator (*)

The multiplication operator multiplies two numbers.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 4;
    int product = a * b;

    printf("Product: %d\n", product);  
         // Output: Product: 20

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

Here, a and b are multiplied, and the result (20) is stored in product.

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4. Division Operator (/)

The division operator divides one number by another.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 20, b = 5;
    int quotient = a / b;

    printf("Quotient: %d\n", quotient);  
         // Output: Quotient: 4

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

The value of a is divided by b, and the result (4) is stored in quotient.

Note:

• Integer Division: If both operands are integers, the result is an integer, and any fractional part is discarded.
• Example: 7 / 2 will result in 3, not 3.5.

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5. Modulus Operator (%)

The modulus operator returns the remainder of a division operation.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
    int remainder = a % b;

    printf("Remainder: %d\n", remainder);  
         // Output: Remainder: 1

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

10 % 3 gives the remainder when 10 is divided by 3, which is 1.

Note:

• The modulus operator is only used with integer types.